In the Roman times including the region of Pompeii , both condoms and other contraceptive methods were used, although with different purposes and effectiveness .
Primary Purpose ? While sometimes effective against pregnancy, the primary focus was often on preventing the spread of STIs like syphilis.
Among the many types, condoms were once made from animal intestines, bladders, linen, leather, and even paper to cover the penis during intercourse.
One of the most intriguing variations used during a certain period was condoms made from turtle shells. These were used up to the 15th century, alongside other options like animal horn tips.
There are, however, some references in ancient medical sources (e.g. Soranus in Gynecology book I, 60-64; Hippocrates On the Nature of Woman; Dioscorides De Materia Medica) for other forms of contraception.
Women, for example, used potions and pills made from plants and minerals to avoid getting pregnant. It was also suggested to sneeze, jump or drink cold water after intercourse to neutralize semen. Naturally, the effectiveness of these methods is debatable, but it shows that in ancient times people wanted to control their fertility.
From Greek mythology.
In the “Metamorphoses” by the Greek grammarian Antonius Liberalis (2nd century CE) you can find a story about King Minos, who was cursed by his wife because of too many betrayals and whose sperm was inhabited by scorpions, snakes and centipedes. All the women with whom he made love were dying. However, Minos outsmarted his jealous wife by using condoms made from a goat’s bladder, into which snakes and scorpions fell.
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